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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population
3.2M
Rank #135Source: World Bank
Capital
Sarajevo
Source: REST Countries
Region
Europe
Europe & Central Asia
Source: REST Countries
GDP (Nominal)
$29.61B
Rank #111Source: World Bank
Land Area
51.2K km²
Rank #126Source: REST Countries
Life Expectancy
77.85 yrs
Source: World Bank
Historical Trends
Population Trend (5-Year)
Source: World Bank
GDP Trend (5-Year, Nominal USD)
Source: World Bank
Geography
Area: 51,209 km²
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Terrain: mountains and valleys
Elevation: mean elevation: 500 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maglic 2,386 m
Natural Hazards: destructive earthquakes
Environmental Issues: air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; land mines left over from the...
Land Use: agricultural land: 42.2% (2011 est.) forest: 42.8% (2011 est.) other: 15% (2011 est.)
Geography Note: within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about...
Natural Resources
coaliron oreantimonybauxitecopperleadzincchromitecobaltmanganese
People & Society
Fertility Rate
1.49
Population
3.2M
Ethnic Groups
Bosniak (50.1%)Serb (30.8%)Croat (15.4%)other (2.7%)not declared/no answer (1%)
Religions
Muslim (50.7%)Orthodox (30.7%)Roman Catholic (15.2%)atheist (0.8%)agnostic (0.3%)other (1.2%)undeclared/no answer (1.1%)
Economy
GDP per Capita
$9,358.788
GDP per Capita PPP
23,345.497
(2024)
(2024)
GNI per Capita
8,790
(2024)
(2024)
Gini Index
33
(2011)
(2011)
Unemployment
10.69%
(2024)
(2024)
Inflation
1.692%
(2024)
(2024)
Public Debt
39.909%
(2024)
(2024)
Energy
Electricity Access
100%
(2023)
(2023)
Renewable Energy
36.6%
(2021)
(2021)
CO₂ Emissions
20.407 Mt
(2024)
(2024)
Energy Intensity
5.53 MJ/$
(2022)
(2022)
Renewable Electricity
39.34%
(2021)
(2021)
Environment
Forest Coverage
42.733% of land
(2023)
(2023)
Communications
Internet Users
86.101%
(2024)
(2024)
Mobile Penetration
117.734%
(2023)
(2023)
Broadband Subscribers
28.506%
(2023)
(2023)
Transportation
Air Transport Freight
Not Available
Container Port Traffic
Not Available
Airports
44
Rail Lines
1,018.054 km
Roads Total
9,452 km(©IRF)
Military
Military Forces
Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Oruzanih Snaga Bosne i Hercegovine, OSBiH): Operations Command (includes Army, Air, and Air Defense units), Support Command
Personnel Strength
the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina have approximately 9,200 active duty personnel
Military Expenditure (USD)
$0.22B
Military Expenditure (% of GDP)
0.75%
Military Expenditure History
0.9% of GDP (2019) 0.9% of GDP (2018) 0.9% of GDP (2017) 0.9% of GDP (2016) 1% of GDP (2015)
Equipment & Inventories
the inventory for the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina includes mainly Soviet-era weapons systems with a small mix of older European and US equipment (2019 est.)
Service Age & Obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service for E-1 through E-4, mandatory retirement at age 50 and 30 years of service for E-5 through...
Education
Pre-Primary Enrollment
25.469%
(2021)
(2021)
Primary Enrollment
101.195%
(2023)
(2023)
Secondary Enrollment
87.866%
(2023)
(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
45.503%
(2023)
(2023)
Education Spending
3.246% of GDP
(2023)
(2023)
Adult Literacy Rate
96.99%
(2013)
(2013)
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
16.927:1
(2018)
(2018)
Health
Physicians per 1,000
2.584
(2019)
(2019)
Safe Water Access
96.087%
(2024)
(2024)
Safe Drinking Water
86.4%
(2024)
(2024)
Under-5 Mortality
6 per 1,000
(2023)
(2023)
Maternal Mortality (World Bank)
16.785 per 100,000
(2021)
(2021)
Hospital Beds per 1,000
77.198
(2021)
(2021)
UHC Coverage Index
64
(2023)
(2023)
Measles Immunization
79%
(2024)
(2024)
Social Indicators
Extreme Poverty Rate
0.2%
(2011)
(2011)
Food Insecurity
2.5%
(2023)
(2023)
Youth NEET Rate
27.885%
(2024)
(2024)
Governance
Women in Government
19.048%
(2024)
(2024)
Voice & Accountability
-0.32
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Political Stability
-0.35
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Government Effectiveness
-0.97
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Regulatory Quality
-0.14
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Rule of Law
-0.35
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Control of Corruption
-0.58
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Government
Government Type
parliamentary republic
Legal System
civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts
Executive Branch
chief of state: Chairman of the Presidency Milorad DODIK (chairman since 20 November 2020; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November...
Legislative Branch
description: bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and...
Judicial Branch
highest courts: Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions -...
National Symbols
Flag Description
a wide blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and...
National Symbols
golden lily; national colors: blue, yellow, white
National Anthem
name: "Drzavna himna Bosne i Hercegovine" (The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina) lyrics/music: none officially; Dusan SESTIC and Benjamin ISOVIC/Dusan SESTIC note: music adopted 1999; lyrics...
Safety
Homicide Rate
1.224 per 100,000
(2023)
(2023)
Travel Information
Language(s): Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Currency: BAM (KM)
Timezone(s): UTC+01:00
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Driving Side: Right
Calling Code: +387
Car Sign: BIH
Week Starts: Monday
Photos
Sarajevo sprawls over much of its namesake valley's floor.
Sarajevo sprawls over much of its namesake valley's floor. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is the center of Catholic worship in the city of Sarajevo. Located in the Old Town district, the church was constructed between 1884 and 1889 in the Neo-Gothic style, but displays Romanesque elements. Damaged during the Siege of Sarajevo (1992-1994), it has been completely restored.
The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is the center of Catholic worship in the city of Sarajevo. Located in the Old Town district, the church was constructed between 1884 and 1889 in the Neo-Gothic style, but displays Romanesque elements. Damaged during the Siege of Sarajevo (1992-1994), it has been completely restored. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Part of Sarajevo's massive cemetery lies at the base of the hill supporting the city's communication tower.
Part of Sarajevo's massive cemetery lies at the base of the hill supporting the city's communication tower. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
A closer view of the Eternal Flame Memorial in Sarajevo honoring the military and civilian victims of World War II.
A closer view of the Eternal Flame Memorial in Sarajevo honoring the military and civilian victims of World War II. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
Approaching Sarajevo, the capital and largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Approaching Sarajevo, the capital and largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
10 photos available
View All Photos→Data sources: World Bank, UN Data • Updated daily •Learn about our data