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Colombia
Colombia
Population
52.9M
Rank #28Source: World Bank
Capital
Bogota
Source: REST Countries
Region
Americas
Latin America & Caribbean
Source: REST Countries
GDP (Nominal)
$418.82B
Rank #38Source: World Bank
Land Area
1.1M km²
Rank #26Source: REST Countries
Life Expectancy
77.725 yrs
Source: World Bank
Historical Trends
Population Trend (5-Year)
Source: World Bank
GDP Trend (5-Year, Nominal USD)
Source: World Bank
Geography
Area: 1,141,748 km²
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Terrain: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)
Elevation: mean elevation: 593 m lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,730 m
Natural Hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughtsvolcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing...
Environmental Issues: deforestation resulting from timber exploitation in the jungles of the Amazon and the region of Chocó; illicit drug crops grown by peasants in the national parks; soil erosion; soil and water quality...
Land Use: agricultural land: 37.5% (2011 est.) forest: 54.4% (2011 est.) other: 8.1% (2011 est.)
Geography Note: only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea
Natural Resources
petroleumnatural gascoaliron orenickelgoldcopperemeraldshydropower
People & Society
Fertility Rate
1.65
Population
52.9M
Ethnic Groups
Mestizo and White (87.6%)Afro-Colombian (includes mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) (6.8%)Amerindian (4.3%)unspecified (1.4%)
Religions
Roman Catholic (79%)Protestant 14% (includes Pentecostal (6%)mainline Protestant (2%)other (6%)other (2%)unspecified (5%)
Economy
GDP per Capita
$7,919.209
GDP per Capita PPP
22,349.436
(2024)
(2024)
GNI per Capita
7,040
(2024)
(2024)
Gini Index
53.9
(2023)
(2023)
Unemployment
9.619%
(2024)
(2024)
Inflation
6.609%
(2024)
(2024)
Public Debt
71.483%
(2024)
(2024)
Energy
Electricity Access
98.7%
(2023)
(2023)
Renewable Energy
29.7%
(2021)
(2021)
CO₂ Emissions
95.079 Mt
(2024)
(2024)
Energy Intensity
2.18 MJ/$
(2022)
(2022)
Renewable Electricity
75.125%
(2021)
(2021)
Environment
Forest Coverage
52.766% of land
(2023)
(2023)
Communications
Internet Users
77.337%
(2023)
(2023)
Mobile Penetration
166.98%
(2023)
(2023)
Broadband Subscribers
17.037%
(2023)
(2023)
Transportation
Air Transport Freight
1,936.477 M ton-km
(2023)
(2023)
Container Port Traffic
4,480,670 TEU
(2022)
(2022)
Airports
373,146.999
Rail Lines
N/A
Roads Total
205,376 km(©IRF)
Military
Military Forces
Military Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Militares de Colombia): National Army (Ejercito Nacional), Republic of Colombia Navy (Armada Republica de Colombia, ARC; includes Coast Guard), Colombian Air...
Personnel Strength
size estimates for the Military Forces of Colombia (FMC) vary; approximately 295,000 total active troops (235,000 Army; 45,000 Navy, including about 22,000 marines; 14,000 Air Force)
Military Expenditure (USD)
$15.10B
Military Expenditure (% of GDP)
3.36%
Military Expenditure History
3.2% of GDP (2019) 3.1% of GDP (2018 est.) 3.2% of GDP (2017) 3.1% of GDP (2016) 3.1% of GDP (2015)
Deployments
275 Egypt (MFO) (Dec. 2019)
Equipment & Inventories
the Colombian military inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Germany, Israel, and the US are the...
Service Age & Obligation
18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation is 18 months
Education
Pre-Primary Enrollment
85.928%
(2020)
(2020)
Primary Enrollment
104.83%
(2022)
(2022)
Secondary Enrollment
101.574%
(2022)
(2022)
Tertiary Enrollment
59.29%
(2022)
(2022)
Education Spending
5.262% of GDP
(2020)
(2020)
Adult Literacy Rate
95.34%
(2024)
(2024)
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
23.302:1
(2018)
(2018)
Health
Physicians per 1,000
2.535
(2023)
(2023)
Safe Water Access
97.097%
(2024)
(2024)
Safe Drinking Water
74.339%
(2024)
(2024)
Under-5 Mortality
12 per 1,000
(2023)
(2023)
Maternal Mortality (World Bank)
21.732 per 100,000
(2021)
(2021)
Hospital Beds per 1,000
74.533
(2021)
(2021)
UHC Coverage Index
82
(2023)
(2023)
Measles Immunization
89%
(2024)
(2024)
Social Indicators
Extreme Poverty Rate
7.7%
(2023)
(2023)
Food Insecurity
3.9%
(2023)
(2023)
Youth NEET Rate
19.385%
(2024)
(2024)
Governance
Women in Government
29.412%
(2024)
(2024)
Voice & Accountability
0.20
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Political Stability
-0.72
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Government Effectiveness
-0.08
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Regulatory Quality
0.10
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Rule of Law
-0.46
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Control of Corruption
-0.31
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Government
Government Type
presidential republic
Legal System
civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Ivan DUQUE Marquez (since 7 August 2018); Vice President Marta Lucia RAMIREZ Blanco (since 7 August 2018); the president is both chief of state and head of government head...
Legislative Branch
description: bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members...
Judicial Branch
highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of the Civil-Agrarian and Labor Chambers each with 7 judges, and the Penal Chamber with 9 judges); Constitutional Court...
National Symbols
Flag Description
three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; the flag retains the three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the short-lived South American republic that broke up in...
National Symbols
Andean condor; national colors: yellow, blue, red
National Anthem
name: "Himno Nacional de la Republica de Colombia" (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia) lyrics/music: Rafael NUNEZ/Oreste SINDICI note: adopted 1920; the anthem was created from an...
Safety
Homicide Rate
24.913 per 100,000
(2023)
(2023)
Travel Information
Language(s): Spanish
Currency: COP ($)
Timezone(s): UTC-05:00
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Driving Side: Right
Calling Code: +57
Car Sign: CO
Week Starts: Monday
Photos
Street scene in the northern city of Cartagena. Because of the mild climate and abundance of wildlife in the area, settlement around Cartagena goes back to 7000 B.C. The city's colonial walled section and fortress have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Street scene in the northern city of Cartagena. Because of the mild climate and abundance of wildlife in the area, settlement around Cartagena goes back to 7000 B.C. The city's colonial walled section and fortress have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Area comparison map
Area comparison map • CIA World Factbook • 2020
2 photos available
Data sources: World Bank, UN Data • Updated daily •Learn about our data