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Mongolia
Mongolia
Population
3.5M
Rank #132Source: World Bank
Capital
Ulaanbaatar
Source: REST Countries
Region
Asia
East Asia & Pacific
Source: REST Countries
GDP (Nominal)
$23.79B
Rank #121Source: World Bank
Land Area
1.6M km²
Rank #19Source: REST Countries
Life Expectancy
72.122 yrs
Source: World Bank
Historical Trends
Population Trend (5-Year)
Source: World Bank
GDP Trend (5-Year, Nominal USD)
Source: World Bank
Geography
Area: 1,564,110 km²
Landlocked: Yes
Independent: Yes
Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Elevation: mean elevation: 1,528 m lowest point: Hoh Nuur 560 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Khuiten Peak) 4,374 m
Natural Hazards: dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions
Environmental Issues: limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws leads to air pollution in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation and...
Land Use: agricultural land: 73% (2011 est.) forest: 7% (2011 est.) other: 20% (2011 est.)
Geography Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Natural Resources
oilcoalcoppermolybdenumtungstenphosphatestinnickelzincfluorspar
People & Society
Fertility Rate
2.70
Population
3.5M
Ethnic Groups
Khalkh (84.5%)Kazak (3.9%)Dorvod (2.4%)Bayad (1.7%)Buryat-Bouriates (1.3%)Zakhchin (1%)other (5.2%)
Religions
Buddhist (53%)Muslim (3%)Shamanist (2.9%)Christian (2.2%)other (0.4%)none (38.6%)
Economy
GDP per Capita
$6,750.63
GDP per Capita PPP
19,144.726
(2024)
(2024)
GNI per Capita
5,380
(2024)
(2024)
Gini Index
31.4
(2022)
(2022)
Unemployment
5.158%
(2024)
(2024)
Inflation
6.207%
(2024)
(2024)
Public Debt
43.345%
(2024)
(2024)
Energy
Electricity Access
100%
(2023)
(2023)
Renewable Energy
3%
(2021)
(2021)
CO₂ Emissions
27.658 Mt
(2024)
(2024)
Energy Intensity
6.96 MJ/$
(2021)
(2021)
Renewable Electricity
10.948%
(2021)
(2021)
Environment
Forest Coverage
9.092% of land
(2023)
(2023)
Protected Areas
13.4% of land
(2007)
(2007)
Communications
Internet Users
83.016%
(2023)
(2023)
Mobile Penetration
141.085%
(2023)
(2023)
Broadband Subscribers
14.553%
(2023)
(2023)
Transportation
Air Transport Freight
26.52 M ton-km
(2023)
(2023)
Container Port Traffic
Not Available
Airports
7,240
Rail Lines
1,821 km
Roads Total
111,916.7 km(©IRF)
Military
Military Forces
Mongolian Armed Forces (Mongol ulsyn zevsegt huchin): Mongolian Army (includes Border Troops), Mongolian Air Force, National Center for Emergency and Disaster Relief (coordinates the military's...
Personnel Strength
size estimates for the the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF) vary; approximately 8,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 800 Air Force); est. 6,000 Border Guard; est. 1,200 Internal Security Troops
Military Expenditure (USD)
$0.18B
Military Expenditure (% of GDP)
0.74%
Military Expenditure History
0.7% of GDP (2019) 0.7% of GDP (2018) 0.8% of GDP (2017) 0.9% of GDP (2016) 0.9% of GDP (2015)
Deployments
850 South Sudan (UNMISS); 230 Afghanistan (NATO) (2020)
Equipment & Inventories
the MAF are armed with Soviet-era equipment supplemented by deliveries of second-hand Russian weapons; since 2010, Russia is the sole provider of armaments to Mongolia (2019 est.)
Service Age & Obligation
18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 1-year conscript service obligation in army or air forces or police for males only; after conscription, soldiers can contract into...
Education
Pre-Primary Enrollment
80.147%
(2021)
(2021)
Primary Enrollment
92.34%
(2024)
(2024)
Secondary Enrollment
96.818%
(2023)
(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
69.044%
(2024)
(2024)
Education Spending
3.658% of GDP
(2023)
(2023)
Adult Literacy Rate
98.64%
(2023)
(2023)
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
30.383:1
(2018)
(2018)
Health
Physicians per 1,000
4.13
(2022)
(2022)
Safe Water Access
86.093%
(2024)
(2024)
Safe Drinking Water
43.361%
(2024)
(2024)
Under-5 Mortality
13.6 per 1,000
(2023)
(2023)
Maternal Mortality (World Bank)
19.004 per 100,000
(2021)
(2021)
Hospital Beds per 1,000
73.858
(2021)
(2021)
UHC Coverage Index
70
(2023)
(2023)
Measles Immunization
96%
(2024)
(2024)
Social Indicators
Extreme Poverty Rate
0.4%
(2022)
(2022)
Food Insecurity
2.5%
(2023)
(2023)
Youth NEET Rate
14.388%
(2024)
(2024)
Governance
Women in Government
25.397%
(2024)
(2024)
Voice & Accountability
0.25
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Political Stability
0.59
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Government Effectiveness
-0.47
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Regulatory Quality
-0.18
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Rule of Law
-0.18
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Control of Corruption
-0.49
(Below Average)
(2023)
(Below Average)
(2023)
Government
Government Type
semi-presidential republic
Legal System
civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Khaltmaa BATTULGA (since 10 July 2017) head of government: Prime Minister Ukhnaa KHURELSUKH (since 4 October 2017; re-elected by the Parliament 2 July 2020); Deputy Prime...
Legislative Branch
description: unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (76 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; each constituency requires at least 50% voter...
Judicial Branch
highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8...
National Symbols
Flag Description
three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric...
National Symbols
soyombo emblem; national colors: red, blue, yellow
National Anthem
name: "Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal" (National Anthem of Mongolia) lyrics/music: Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ note: music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; lyrics...
Safety
Homicide Rate
5.915 per 100,000
(2023)
(2023)
Travel Information
Language(s): Mongolian
Currency: MNT (₮)
Timezone(s): UTC +07:00 to +08:00
Landlocked: Yes
Independent: Yes
Driving Side: Right
Calling Code: +976
Car Sign: MGL
Week Starts: Monday
Photos
CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
The Prince's Palace in Monaco is the official residence of the principality's ruler.
The Prince's Palace in Monaco is the official residence of the principality's ruler. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
13 photos available
View All Photos→Data sources: World Bank, UN Data • Updated daily •Learn about our data