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Finland
Finland
Population
5.6M
Rank #116Source: World Bank
Capital
Helsinki
Source: REST Countries
Region
Europe
Europe & Central Asia
Source: REST Countries
GDP (Nominal)
$298.70B
Rank #47Source: World Bank
Land Area
338.5K km²
Rank #67Source: REST Countries
Life Expectancy
81.685 yrs
Source: World Bank
Historical Trends
Population Trend (5-Year)
Source: World Bank
GDP Trend (5-Year, Nominal USD)
Source: World Bank
Geography
Area: 338,455 km²
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Elevation: mean elevation: 164 m lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
Natural Hazards: severe winters in the north
Environmental Issues: limited air pollution in urban centers; some water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Land Use: agricultural land: 7.5% (2011 est.) forest: 72.9% (2011 est.) other: 19.6% (2011 est.)
Geography Note: long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Natural Resources
timberiron orecopperleadzincchromitenickelgoldsilverlimestone
People & Society
Fertility Rate
1.26
Population
5.6M
Religions
Lutheran (69.8%)Greek Orthodox (1.1%)other (1.7%)unspecified (27.4%)
Economy
GDP per Capita
$53,149.767
GDP per Capita PPP
65,378.384
(2024)
(2024)
GNI per Capita
51,650
(2024)
(2024)
Gini Index
27.4
(2023)
(2023)
Unemployment
8.4%
(2024)
(2024)
Inflation
1.566%
(2024)
(2024)
Public Debt
Not Available
Energy
Electricity Access
100%
(2023)
(2023)
Renewable Energy
50.2%
(2021)
(2021)
CO₂ Emissions
31.107 Mt
(2024)
(2024)
Energy Intensity
4.82 MJ/$
(2022)
(2022)
Renewable Electricity
52.93%
(2021)
(2021)
Environment
Forest Coverage
73.724% of land
(2023)
(2023)
Communications
Internet Users
93.514%
(2023)
(2023)
Mobile Penetration
127.473%
(2023)
(2023)
Broadband Subscribers
35.332%
(2023)
(2023)
Transportation
Air Transport Freight
816.393 M ton-km
(2023)
(2023)
Container Port Traffic
1,446,004 TEU
(2022)
(2022)
Airports
103,928
Rail Lines
5,918 km
Roads Total
77,804 km(©IRF)
Military
Military Forces
Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Maavoimat), Navy (Merivoimat), Air Force (Ilmavoimat); Ministry of the Interior: Border Guard (Rajavartiolaitos) note: the Border Guard becomes part of the FDF in...
Personnel Strength
estimates for the size of the Finnish Defense Forces (FDF) vary; approximately 23,000 total active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force)
Military Expenditure (USD)
$6.99B
Military Expenditure (% of GDP)
2.30%
Military Expenditure History
1.5% of GDP (2019) 1.4% of GDP (2018) 1.4% of GDP (2017) 1.4% of GDP (2016) 1.5% of GDP (2015)
Deployments
200 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2020)
Equipment & Inventories
the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern Western and domestically-produced weapons systems, as well as a limited quantity of Soviet-era equipment,...
Service Age & Obligation
at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 6-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard, and women may volunteer for service; after completing their initial...
Education
Pre-Primary Enrollment
88.359%
(2020)
(2020)
Primary Enrollment
99.115%
(2023)
(2023)
Secondary Enrollment
142.862%
(2023)
(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
108.13%
(2023)
(2023)
Education Spending
6.376% of GDP
(2022)
(2022)
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
13.667:1
(2017)
(2017)
Health
Physicians per 1,000
3.609
(2021)
(2021)
Safe Water Access
100%
(2024)
(2024)
Safe Drinking Water
99.647%
(2024)
(2024)
Under-5 Mortality
2.3 per 1,000
(2023)
(2023)
Maternal Mortality (World Bank)
24.16 per 100,000
(2021)
(2021)
Hospital Beds per 1,000
79.008
(2021)
(2021)
UHC Coverage Index
86
(2023)
(2023)
Measles Immunization
91%
(2024)
(2024)
Social Indicators
Extreme Poverty Rate
0.2%
(2023)
(2023)
Food Insecurity
2.5%
(2023)
(2023)
Youth NEET Rate
18.787%
(2024)
(2024)
Governance
Women in Government
46%
(2024)
(2024)
Voice & Accountability
1.63
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Political Stability
0.71
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Government Effectiveness
1.74
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Regulatory Quality
1.76
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Rule of Law
1.97
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Control of Corruption
2.22
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Government
Government Type
parliamentary republic
Legal System
civil law system based on the Swedish model
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Sanna MARIN (since 10 December 2019) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the...
Legislative Branch
description: unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of...
Judicial Branch
highest courts: Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into...
International Organizations
National Symbols
Flag Description
white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands...
National Symbols
lion; national colors: blue, white
National Anthem
name: "Maamme" (Our Land) lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by...
Safety
Homicide Rate
0.982 per 100,000
(2023)
(2023)
Travel Information
Language(s): Finnish, Swedish
Currency: EUR (€)
Timezone(s): UTC+02:00
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Driving Side: Right
Calling Code: +358
Car Sign: FIN
Week Starts: Monday
Photos
The Åland Islands (pronounced O-lahnd) lie at the southern end of the Gulf of Bothnia, between Sweden and Finland. The archipelago consists of several large islands and roughly 6,500 small isles, many of them too small for human habitation. Åland vegetation is a combination of pine and deciduous forest, meadows, and farmed fields. Image courtesy of NASA/Jesse Allen & Robert Simmon, using USGS Landsat data.
The Åland Islands (pronounced O-lahnd) lie at the southern end of the Gulf of Bothnia, between Sweden and Finland. The archipelago consists of several large islands and roughly 6,500 small isles, many of them too small for human habitation.
Åland vegetation is a combination of pine and deciduous forest, meadows, and farmed fields.
Image courtesy of NASA/Jesse Allen & Robert Simmon, using USGS Landsat data. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
The Presidential Palace on Market Square in Helsinki. Originally built as the grand home of a local merchant in 1822, the structure was rebuilt in the 1840s to make it the official residence of the Russian czar. It served as the residence of most of the presidents of Finland during the 20th century. Today it is one of three official residences of the Finnish president.
The Presidential Palace on Market Square in Helsinki. Originally built as the grand home of a local merchant in 1822, the structure was rebuilt in the 1840s to make it the official residence of the Russian czar. It served as the residence of most of the presidents of Finland during the 20th century. Today it is one of three official residences of the Finnish president. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Formerly the Senate Building, the Palace of the Council of State on Senate Square in Helsinki now houses the offices of the prime minister as well as the cabinet.
Formerly the Senate Building, the Palace of the Council of State on Senate Square in Helsinki now houses the offices of the prime minister as well as the cabinet. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Area comparison map
Area comparison map • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Erected in 1764, the former city hall in the town of Porvoo is now a museum.
Erected in 1764, the former city hall in the town of Porvoo is now a museum. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
CIA World Factbook • 2020
11 photos available
View All Photos→Data sources: World Bank, UN Data • Updated daily •Learn about our data