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Italy
Italy
Population
59.0M
Rank #25Source: World Bank
Capital
Rome
Source: REST Countries
Region
Europe
Europe & Central Asia
Source: REST Countries
GDP (Nominal)
$2.38T
Rank #8Source: World Bank
Land Area
301.3K km²
Rank #73Source: REST Countries
Life Expectancy
83.7 yrs
Source: World Bank
Historical Trends
Population Trend (5-Year)
Source: World Bank
GDP Trend (5-Year, Nominal USD)
Source: World Bank
Geography
Area: 301,336 km²
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Elevation: mean elevation: 538 m lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc) 4,748 m
Natural Hazards: regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venicevolcanism: significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m), which is in...
Environmental Issues: air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste...
Land Use: agricultural land: 47.1% (2011 est.) forest: 31.4% (2011 est.) other: 21.5% (2011 est.)
Geography Note: strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe
Natural Resources
coalantimonymercuryzincpotashmarblebariteasbestospumicefluorspar
People & Society
Fertility Rate
1.20
Population
59.0M
Religions
Christian (83.3%)Muslim (3.7%)unaffiliated (12.4%)other (0.6%)
Economy
GDP per Capita
$40,385.341
GDP per Capita PPP
62,014.268
(2024)
(2024)
GNI per Capita
38,590
(2024)
(2024)
Gini Index
34.3
(2023)
(2023)
Unemployment
6.5%
(2024)
(2024)
Inflation
0.982%
(2024)
(2024)
Public Debt
Not Available
Energy
Electricity Access
100%
(2023)
(2023)
Renewable Energy
17.5%
(2021)
(2021)
CO₂ Emissions
299.229 Mt
(2024)
(2024)
Energy Intensity
2.3 MJ/$
(2022)
(2022)
Renewable Electricity
40.974%
(2021)
(2021)
Environment
Forest Coverage
32.894% of land
(2023)
(2023)
Communications
Internet Users
89.221%
(2024)
(2024)
Mobile Penetration
131.872%
(2023)
(2023)
Broadband Subscribers
31.841%
(2023)
(2023)
Transportation
Air Transport Freight
1,120.987 M ton-km
(2023)
(2023)
Container Port Traffic
11,577,495 TEU
(2022)
(2022)
Airports
185,458
Rail Lines
17,305.2 km
Roads Total
235,090 km(©IRF)
Military
Military Forces
Italian Armed Forces: Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI; includes aviation, marines), Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI), Carabinieri Corps (Arma...
Personnel Strength
the Italian Armed Forces have approximately 271,000 active personnel, including the Carabinieri (96,000 Army; 28,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force; 107,000 Carabinieri)
Military Expenditure (USD)
$37.96B
Military Expenditure (% of GDP)
1.61%
Military Expenditure History
1.22% of GDP (2019 est.) 1.21% of GDP (2018) 1.21% of GDP (2017) 1.18% of GDP (2016) 1.07% of GDP (2015)
Deployments
900 Afghanistan (NATO); 120 Djibouti; 1,100 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, counter-ISIS campaign, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 620 Kosovo (NATO); 200 Latvia (NATO); 1,050 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400...
Equipment & Inventories
the Italian Armed Forces' inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced, jointly-produced, and imported European and US weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of weapons to Italy since...
Service Age & Obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation
Education
Pre-Primary Enrollment
92.659%
(2020)
(2020)
Primary Enrollment
103.566%
(2023)
(2023)
Secondary Enrollment
100.679%
(2023)
(2023)
Tertiary Enrollment
75.95%
(2023)
(2023)
Education Spending
4.07% of GDP
(2022)
(2022)
Adult Literacy Rate
99.35%
(2019)
(2019)
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
11.481:1
(2017)
(2017)
Health
Physicians per 1,000
4.191
(2022)
(2022)
Safe Water Access
99.917%
(2024)
(2024)
Safe Drinking Water
96.758%
(2024)
(2024)
Under-5 Mortality
2.8 per 1,000
(2023)
(2023)
Maternal Mortality (World Bank)
24.381 per 100,000
(2021)
(2021)
Hospital Beds per 1,000
79.976
(2021)
(2021)
UHC Coverage Index
82
(2023)
(2023)
Measles Immunization
94%
(2024)
(2024)
Social Indicators
Extreme Poverty Rate
0.9%
(2023)
(2023)
Food Insecurity
2.5%
(2023)
(2023)
Youth NEET Rate
20.316%
(2024)
(2024)
Governance
Women in Government
32.25%
(2024)
(2024)
Voice & Accountability
1.12
(Strong)
(2023)
(Strong)
(2023)
Political Stability
0.58
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Government Effectiveness
0.61
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Regulatory Quality
0.64
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Rule of Law
0.39
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Control of Corruption
0.55
(Above Average)
(2023)
(Above Average)
(2023)
Government
Government Type
parliamentary republic
Legal System
civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015) head of government: Prime Minister Giuseppe CONTE (since 1 June 2018); the prime minister's official title is President of the...
Legislative Branch
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193...
Judicial Branch
highest courts: Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president (chief justice), deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal...
International Organizations
ADB (nonregional member)AfDB (nonregional member)Arctic Council (observer)Australia GroupBISBSEC (observer)CBSS (observer)CD
National Symbols
Flag Description
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; design inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797; colors are those of Milan (red and white) combined with the...
National Symbols
white, five-pointed star (Stella d'Italia); national colors: red, white, green
National Anthem
name: "Il Canto degli Italiani" (The Song of the Italians) lyrics/music: Goffredo MAMELI/Michele NOVARO note: adopted 1946; the anthem, originally written in 1847, is also known as "L'Inno di Mameli"...
Safety
Homicide Rate
0.568 per 100,000
(2023)
(2023)
Travel Information
Language(s): Italian, Catalan
Currency: EUR (€)
Timezone(s): UTC+01:00
Landlocked: No
Independent: Yes
Driving Side: Right
Calling Code: +39
Car Sign: I
Week Starts: Monday
Photos
Looking past the obelisk that stands at the center of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican out to the city of Rome.
Looking past the obelisk that stands at the center of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican out to the city of Rome. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Decorated doors leading into Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
Decorated doors leading into Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Looking down on St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice from the campanile (bell tower).
Looking down on St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice from the campanile (bell tower). • CIA World Factbook • 2020
Figure of St. Peter in vestments on the occasion of his feast day on 29 June in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
Figure of St. Peter in vestments on the occasion of his feast day on 29 June in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
This southerly-looking view taken from onboard the space shuttle, shows the triangular-shaped island of Sicily. With only very limited coastal plains, the island's topography consists of rugged hills and low mountains. Snow-capped Mt. Etna is visible near the northeast point of the island. Some other distinctive features in this image are the lighter-colored zone of suspended sediment in the water along the southern coast, in the middle distance, the smaller islands of Malta, and off to the south, across the Mediterranean, the north African shore. Image courtesy of NASA.
This southerly-looking view taken from onboard the space shuttle, shows the triangular-shaped island of Sicily. With only very limited coastal plains, the island's topography consists of rugged hills and low mountains. Snow-capped Mt. Etna is visible near the northeast point of the island. Some other distinctive features in this image are the lighter-colored zone of suspended sediment in the water along the southern coast, in the middle distance, the smaller islands of Malta, and off to the south, across the Mediterranean, the north African shore. Image courtesy of NASA. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
The main altar in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome is covered by a 30m- (98 ft-) tall bronze baldacchino (canopy) designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
The main altar in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome is covered by a 30m- (98 ft-) tall bronze baldacchino (canopy) designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. • CIA World Factbook • 2020
218 photos available
View All Photos→Data sources: World Bank, UN Data • Updated daily •Learn about our data